The Brown Fairy Book, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1, sentence 89
From below, unseen in the blackness of the deep night shadows, the water roared and boiled round the jagged rocks—he could picture the place as he knew it, only ten times more pitiless and forbidding in the visionless darkness; the wind soughed through the gorge with fearsome sighs, and rustlings and whisperings, and the bushes and grasses that grew in the ledges of the cliffs seemed to him like living creatures that danced and beckoned, shadowy and indistinct.
Who acts: Wali, wind, bushes, rustlings, creatures · What happens: roar, boil, picture, know, forbid, sough · To what, where: water, place, visionless darkness, gorge, ledges, Wali
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wali, wind, bushes, rustlings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 2 below | case |
| 2 | below | below | ADV | _ | 4 unseen | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 below | punct |
| 4 | unseen | unseen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 blackness | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 blackness | det |
| 7 | blackness | blackness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 unseen | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 shadows | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 shadows | det |
| 10 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 shadows | amod |
| 11 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shadows | compound |
| 12 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 blackness | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 water | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 water | det |
| 15 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shadows | conj |
| 16 | roared | roar | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 water | acl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 boiled | cc |
| 18 | boiled | boil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 roared | conj |
| 19 | round | round | ADP | _ | 22 rocks | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 rocks | det |
| 21 | jagged | jagged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 rocks | amod |
| 22 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 boiled | obl |
| 23 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 picture | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 picture | nsubj |
| 25 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 picture | aux |
| 26 | picture | picture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 unseen | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 place | det |
| 28 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 picture | obj |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 knew | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 knew | nsubj |
| 31 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 picture | advcl |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 knew | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 pitiless | punct |
| 34 | only | only | ADV | _ | 35 ten | advmod |
| 35 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 times | nummod |
| 36 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 more | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 38 pitiless | advmod |
| 38 | pitiless | pitiless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 picture | parataxis |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 forbidding | cc |
| 40 | forbidding | forbid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 pitiless | conj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 darkness | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 darkness | det |
| 43 | visionless | visionless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 darkness | amod |
| 44 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 forbidding | obl |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 soughed | punct |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 wind | det |
| 47 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 soughed | nsubj |
| 48 | soughed | sough | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 unseen | parataxis |
| 49 | through | through | ADP | _ | 51 gorge | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 gorge | det |
| 51 | gorge | gorge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 soughed | obl |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 sighs | case |
| 53 | fearsome | fearsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 sighs | amod |
| 54 | sighs | sigh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 gorge | nmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 seemed | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 seemed | cc |
| 57 | rustlings | rustling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 seemed | nsubj |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 whisperings | cc |
| 59 | whisperings | whispering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 rustlings | conj |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 seemed | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 seemed | cc |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 bushes | det |
| 63 | bushes | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 seemed | nsubj |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 grasses | cc |
| 65 | grasses | grass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 bushes | conj |
| 66 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 67 grew | nsubj |
| 67 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 bushes | acl:relcl |
| 68 | in | in | ADP | _ | 70 ledges | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 ledges | det |
| 70 | ledges | ledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 grew | obl |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 73 cliffs | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 cliffs | det |
| 73 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 70 ledges | nmod |
| 74 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 soughed | conj |
| 75 | to | to | ADP | _ | 76 him | case |
| 76 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 seemed | obl |
| 77 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 78 living | mark |
| 78 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 74 seemed | xcomp |
| 79 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 78 living | obj |
| 80 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 81 danced | nsubj |
| 81 | danced | dance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 79 creatures | acl:relcl |
| 82 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 83 beckoned | cc |
| 83 | beckoned | beckon | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 81 danced | conj |
| 84 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 85 shadowy | punct |
| 85 | shadowy | shadowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 83 beckoned | conj |
| 86 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 87 indistinct | cc |
| 87 | indistinct | indistinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 85 shadowy | conj |
| 88 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 unseen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roar | participle | the water not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | boil | participle | round the jagged rocks | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | picture | could | Wali | the place | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 4 | know | past | Wali | place | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | forbid | gerund | Wali not said here | the visionless darkness | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer | ||||
| 6 | sough | past | the wind | the gorge with fearsome sighs | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gorge=Location | ||||
| 7 | grow | past | the bushes and grasses | the ledges of the cliffs | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ledge=Location | ||||
| 8 | seem | past | rustlings and whisperings | Wali | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 9 | live | gerund | rustlings and whisperings not said here | creatures | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme creature=Location | ||||
| 10 | dance | past | creatures | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 11 | beckon | participle | creatures not said here | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/34/89/