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The Brown Fairy Book, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1, sentence 89

From below, unseen in the blackness of the deep night shadows, the water roared and boiled round the jagged rocks—he could picture the place as he knew it, only ten times more pitiless and forbidding in the visionless darkness; the wind soughed through the gorge with fearsome sighs, and rustlings and whisperings, and the bushes and grasses that grew in the ledges of the cliffs seemed to him like living creatures that danced and beckoned, shadowy and indistinct.

Who acts: Wali, wind, bushes, rustlings, creatures · What happens: roar, boil, picture, know, forbid, sough · To what, where: water, place, visionless darkness, gorge, ledges, Wali

This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wali, wind, bushes, rustlings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

caseoblpunctcasedetoblcasedetamodcompoundnmodpunctdetconjaclccconjcasedetamodoblpunctnsubjauxparataxisdetobjmarknsubjadvclobjpunctadvmodnummodobl:unmarkedadvmodparataxisccconjcasedetamodoblpunctdetnsubjparataxiscasedetoblcaseamodnmodpunctccnsubjccconjpunctccdetnsubjccconjnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblcasedetnmodconjcaseoblmarkxcompobjnsubjacl:relclccconjpunctconjccconjpunctrootFromADPbelowADV,PUNCTunseenADJinADPtheDETblacknessNOUNofADPtheDETdeepADJnightNOUNshadowsNOUN,PUNCTtheDETwaterNOUNroaredVERBandCCONJboiledVERBroundADPtheDETjaggedADJrocksNOUN—PUNCThePRONcouldAUXpictureVERBtheDETplaceNOUNasSCONJhePRONknewVERBitPRON,PUNCTonlyADVtenNUMtimesNOUNmoreADJpitilessADJandCCONJforbiddingVERBinADPtheDETvisionlessADJdarknessNOUN;PUNCTtheDETwindNOUNsoughedVERBthroughADPtheDETgorgeNOUNwithADPfearsomeADJsighsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJrustlingsNOUNandCCONJwhisperingsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETbushesNOUNandCCONJgrassesNOUNthatPRONgrewVERBinADPtheDETledgesNOUNofADPtheDETcliffsNOUNseemedVERBtoADPhimPRONlikeSCONJlivingVERBcreaturesNOUNthatPRONdancedVERBandCCONJbeckonedVERB,PUNCTshadowyADJandCCONJindistinctADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1FromfromADP_2 belowcase
2belowbelowADV_4 unseenobl
3,,PUNCT_2 belowpunct
4unseenunseenADJDegree=Posrootroot
5ininADP_7 blacknesscase
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 blacknessdet
7blacknessblacknessNOUNNumber=Sing4 unseenobl
8ofofADP_12 shadowscase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 shadowsdet
10deepdeepADJDegree=Pos12 shadowsamod
11nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing12 shadowscompound
12shadowsshadowNOUNNumber=Plur7 blacknessnmod
13,,PUNCT_15 waterpunct
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 waterdet
15waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing12 shadowsconj
16roaredroarVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass15 wateracl
17andandCCONJ_18 boiledcc
18boiledboilVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass16 roaredconj
19roundroundADP_22 rockscase
20thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 rocksdet
21jaggedjaggedADJDegree=Pos22 rocksamod
22rocksrockNOUNNumber=Plur18 boiledobl
23—-PUNCT_26 picturepunct
24hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs26 picturensubj
25couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin26 pictureaux
26picturepictureVERBVerbForm=Inf4 unseenparataxis
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 placedet
28placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing26 pictureobj
29asasSCONJ_31 knewmark
30hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs31 knewnsubj
31knewknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin26 pictureadvcl
32ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs31 knewobj
33,,PUNCT_38 pitilesspunct
34onlyonlyADV_35 tenadvmod
35tentenNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card36 timesnummod
36timestimeNOUNNumber=Plur37 moreobl:unmarked
37moremoreADJDegree=Cmp38 pitilessadvmod
38pitilesspitilessADJDegree=Pos26 pictureparataxis
39andandCCONJ_40 forbiddingcc
40forbiddingforbidVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part38 pitilessconj
41ininADP_44 darknesscase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 darknessdet
43visionlessvisionlessADJDegree=Pos44 darknessamod
44darknessdarknessNOUNNumber=Sing40 forbiddingobl
45;;PUNCT_48 soughedpunct
46thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art47 winddet
47windwindNOUNNumber=Sing48 soughednsubj
48soughedsoughVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 unseenparataxis
49throughthroughADP_51 gorgecase
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 gorgedet
51gorgegorgeNOUNNumber=Sing48 soughedobl
52withwithADP_54 sighscase
53fearsomefearsomeADJDegree=Pos54 sighsamod
54sighssighNOUNNumber=Plur51 gorgenmod
55,,PUNCT_74 seemedpunct
56andandCCONJ_74 seemedcc
57rustlingsrustlingNOUNNumber=Plur74 seemednsubj
58andandCCONJ_59 whisperingscc
59whisperingswhisperingNOUNNumber=Plur57 rustlingsconj
60,,PUNCT_74 seemedpunct
61andandCCONJ_74 seemedcc
62thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art63 bushesdet
63bushesbushNOUNNumber=Plur74 seemednsubj
64andandCCONJ_65 grassescc
65grassesgrassNOUNNumber=Plur63 bushesconj
66thatthatPRONPronType=Rel67 grewnsubj
67grewgrowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin63 bushesacl:relcl
68ininADP_70 ledgescase
69thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art70 ledgesdet
70ledgesledgeNOUNNumber=Plur67 grewobl
71ofofADP_73 cliffscase
72thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art73 cliffsdet
73cliffscliffNOUNNumber=Plur70 ledgesnmod
74seemedseemVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin48 soughedconj
75totoADP_76 himcase
76himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs74 seemedobl
77likelikeSCONJ_78 livingmark
78livingliveVERBVerbForm=Ger74 seemedxcomp
79creaturescreatureNOUNNumber=Plur78 livingobj
80thatthatPRONPronType=Rel81 dancednsubj
81danceddanceVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin79 creaturesacl:relcl
82andandCCONJ_83 beckonedcc
83beckonedbeckonVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass81 dancedconj
84,,PUNCT_85 shadowypunct
85shadowyshadowyADJDegree=Pos83 beckonedconj
86andandCCONJ_87 indistinctcc
87indistinctindistinctADJDegree=Pos85 shadowyconj
88..PUNCT_4 unseenpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1roarparticiplethe water not said herevn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2boilparticipleround the jagged rocksvn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3picturecouldWalithe placevn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent place=Theme
4knowpastWaliplacevn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
5forbidgerundWali not said herethe visionless darknessvn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
6soughpastthe windthe gorge with fearsome sighsvn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gorge=Location
7growpastthe bushes and grassesthe ledges of the cliffsvn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ledge=Location
8seempastrustlings and whisperingsWalivn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
9livegerundrustlings and whisperings not said herecreaturesvn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme creature=Location
10dancepastcreaturesvn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11beckonparticiplecreatures not said herevn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/34/89/