Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 32

“He-he-he!” exclaimed Iktomi, pretending disappointment that his friend had fallen.

Who acts: Patkasa, friend · What happens: exclaim, pretend, fall · To what, where: Iktomi, disappointment

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Patkasa, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	9 exclaimed	punct
2	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 exclaimed	nsubj
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 he	punct
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 He	conj
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 exclaimed	punct
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 exclaimed	nsubj
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 he	punct
8	”	"	PUNCT	_	6 he	punct
9	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 exclaimed	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 pretending	punct
12	pretending	pretend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 exclaimed	advcl
13	disappointment	disappointment	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pretending	obj
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 fallen	mark
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 friend	nmod:poss
16	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fallen	nsubj
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 fallen	aux
18	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 pretending	advcl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 exclaimed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	exclaim speech: express	past	Patkasa	Iktomi	vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent iktomi=Topic
2	pretend	gerund	Patkasa not said here	disappointment	tree rules
3	fall	past · perfect	Patkasa's friend		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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