Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 40
From some far distance was also the sound of the father's voice singing a sad song.
Who acts: voice · What happens: be, sing · To what, where: sound, sad song
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 4 distance | case |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 distance | det |
| 3 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 distance | amod |
| 4 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sound | obl |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 sound | cop |
| 6 | also | also | ADV | _ | 8 sound | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sound | det |
| 8 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 voice | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 father | det |
| 11 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 voice | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 father | case |
| 13 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sound | nmod |
| 14 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 voice | acl |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 song | det |
| 16 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 song | amod |
| 17 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 singing | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 sound | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the sound | from some far distance; of the father's voice | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | gerund | the father's voice not said here | a sad song | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/40/