Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 55
“Han, my son,” grunted a big, ugly toad.
Who acts: Han · What happens: grunt · To what, where: big ugly toad
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Han | punct |
| 2 | Han | han | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grunted | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 son | punct |
| 4 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 son | nmod:poss |
| 5 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Han | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Han | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Han | punct |
| 8 | grunted | grunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 toad | det |
| 10 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 toad | amod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 big | punct |
| 12 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 toad | amod |
| 13 | toad | toad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grunted | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grunted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grunt | past | Han and my son | a big ugly toad | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent toad=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/55/