Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 65
She had heard the wailing human voice and marveled at the throat which produced the strange sound.
Who acts: pair, throat · What happens: hear, wail, marvel, produce · To what, where: wailing human voice, throat, strange sound
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pair, throat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | aux |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 voice | det |
| 5 | wailing | wail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 voice | amod |
| 6 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 voice | amod |
| 7 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 marveled | cc |
| 9 | marveled | marvel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 heard | conj |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 throat | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 throat | det |
| 12 | throat | throat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 marveled | obl |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 produced | nsubj |
| 14 | produced | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 throat | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sound | det |
| 16 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 sound | amod |
| 17 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 produced | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · perfect | pair | the wailing human voice | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | wail | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | marvel | participle | pair not said here | the throat | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | produce | past | the throat | the strange sound | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/12/65/