Old Indian Legends, Iya, the Camp-eater, sentence 19
In the meanwhile among the men waiting by the entrance way, one said in a low voice: “I have heard that bad spirits come as little children into a camp which they mean to destroy.”
Who acts: men, one, I, bad spirits, camp · What happens: wait, say, hear, come, mean, destroy · To what, where: meanwhile, little children, camp · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, one, I, bad spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 meanwhile | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meanwhile | det |
| 3 | meanwhile | meanwhile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obl |
| 4 | among | among | ADP | _ | 6 men | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 men | det |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 meanwhile | nmod |
| 7 | waiting | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 men | acl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 way | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 way | det |
| 10 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 way | compound |
| 11 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 waiting | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 meanwhile | punct |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 said | nsubj |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 voice | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 voice | det |
| 17 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 voice | amod |
| 18 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obl |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 heard | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 heard | punct |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 heard | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 heard | aux |
| 23 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 said | conj |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 come | mark |
| 25 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 spirits | amod |
| 26 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 come | nsubj |
| 27 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 heard | advcl |
| 28 | as | as | ADV | _ | 29 little | advmod |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 children | amod |
| 30 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 come | obl |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 camp | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 camp | det |
| 33 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 come | obl |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 mean | nsubj |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 mean | nsubj |
| 36 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 camp | acl:relcl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 destroy | mark |
| 38 | destroy | destroy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 mean | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | gerund | the men not said here | by the entrance way | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by way=Location | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | one | the meanwhile among the men | in a low voice | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in meanwhile=Manner | |||
| 3 | hear in a quote | present · perfect | I | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | come in a quote | present | bad spirits | little children | a camp | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into camp=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | mean in a quote | present | a camp | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | destroy not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | a camp not said here | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/13/19/