Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Muskrat, sentence 69
Crying thus to himself, Iktomi stepped to the water's brink.
Who acts: Iktomi · What happens: cry, step · To what, where: man, brink
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Muskrat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 stepped | advcl |
| 2 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 1 Crying | advmod |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 himself | case |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 1 Crying | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Crying | punct |
| 6 | Iktomi | Iktomi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 stepped | nsubj |
| 7 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 brink | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 water | det |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 brink | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 water | case |
| 12 | brink | brink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stepped | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 stepped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | gerund | Iktomi not said here | man | thus property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient | |||
| 2 | step | past | Iktomi | the water's brink | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to brink=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/4/69/