Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 20
Upon hearing these words, the men of the village, both young and old, both heroes and cowards, trimmed new arrows for the contest.
Who acts: men · What happens: hear, trim · To what, where: words, new arrows
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 2 hearing | mark |
| 2 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 trimmed | advcl |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 words | det |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hearing | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hearing | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 men | det |
| 7 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 trimmed | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 village | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 village | det |
| 10 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 men | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 young | punct |
| 12 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 13 young | cc:preconj |
| 13 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 village | amod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 old | cc |
| 15 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 young | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 heroes | punct |
| 17 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 heroes | det |
| 18 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 men | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 cowards | cc |
| 20 | cowards | coward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 men | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 men | punct |
| 22 | trimmed | trim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 arrows | amod |
| 24 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 trimmed | obj |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 contest | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 contest | det |
| 27 | contest | contest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 trimmed | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 trimmed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | the men of the village and both heroes and cowards not said here | this words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | trim | past | the men of the village and both heroes and cowards | new arrows | for the contest | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/20/