Old Indian Legends, The Tree-bound, sentence 21

At gray dawn there stood indistinct under the shadow of the bluff many human figures; silent as ghosts and wrapped in robes girdled tight about their waists, they waited with chosen bow and arrow.

Who acts: men · What happens: stand, wrap, girdle, wait, choose, shadow · To what, where: shadow, robes, bluff

This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Tree-bound. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 dawn	case
2	gray	gray	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 dawn	amod
3	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stood	obl
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 stood	advmod
5	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	indistinct	indistinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stood	xcomp
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 shadow	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 shadow	det
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stood	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 bluff	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bluff	det
12	bluff	bluff	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shadow	nmod
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 figures	amod
14	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 figures	amod
15	figures	figure	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 bluff	nmod
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 silent	punct
17	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stood	parataxis
18	as	as	ADP	_	19 ghosts	case
19	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 silent	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 wrapped	cc
21	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 silent	conj
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 robes	case
23	robes	robe	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 wrapped	obl
24	girdled	girdle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 robes	acl
25	tight	tight	ADV	_	24 girdled	advmod
26	about	about	ADP	_	28 waists	case
27	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 waists	nmod:poss
28	waists	waist	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 girdled	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 waited	punct
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 waited	nsubj
31	waited	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stood	conj
32	with	with	ADP	_	34 bow	case
33	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	34 bow	amod
34	bow	bow	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 waited	obl
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 arrow	cc
36	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 bow	conj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stood	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past			the shadow of the bluff many human figures; there	dawn	indistinct property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under shadow=Location
2	wrap	participle			robes			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in robe=Destination
3	girdle	participle		robes not said here			about robes's waists; tight property	tree rules
4	wait	past	men = man				with chosen bow and arrow	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	choose	participle						vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	shadow			the bluff many human figures				nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/8/21/