Old Indian Legends, Shooting of the Red Eagle, sentence 24
The ringing laughter which had floated up through the smoke lapels was now hushed, and only the distant howling of wolves broke the quiet of the village.
Who acts: distant howling, wolves · What happens: float up, hush, break, howl · To what, where: ringing laughter, smoke lapels, quiet
This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Shooting of the Red Eagle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distant howling, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 laughter | det |
| 2 | ringing | ringing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 laughter | compound |
| 3 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hushed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 floated | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 floated | aux |
| 6 | floated | float | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 laughter | acl:relcl |
| 7 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 floated | compound:prt |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 lapels | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lapels | det |
| 10 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lapels | compound |
| 11 | lapels | lapel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 floated | obl |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 hushed | aux:pass |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 hushed | advmod |
| 14 | hushed | hush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 broke | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 broke | cc |
| 17 | only | only | ADV | _ | 20 howling | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 howling | det |
| 19 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 howling | amod |
| 20 | howling | howling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 broke | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 wolves | case |
| 22 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 howling | nmod |
| 23 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 hushed | parataxis |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 quiet | det |
| 25 | quiet | quiet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 broke | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 village | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 village | det |
| 28 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 quiet | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 hushed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | float up | past · perfect · passive | the ringing laughter | the smoke lapels | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme through lapel=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | hush | past · passive | the ringing laughter | now | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | break | past | the distant howling of wolves | the quiet of the village | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer quiet=Patient | ||||
| 4 | howl | wolves | nom howling «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg338/9/24/