The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 17, sentence 87
By and by the spark grew into a flame, and a merry crackling was heard.
Who acts: spark · What happens: grow, hear · To what, where: flame, merry crackling
This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 5 spark | case |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 by | cc |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 1 By | conj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 spark | det |
| 5 | spark | spark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grew | nsubj |
| 6 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 flame | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 flame | det |
| 9 | flame | flame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grew | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 heard | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 heard | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 crackling | det |
| 13 | merry | merry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 crackling | amod |
| 14 | crackling | crackling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 heard | aux:pass |
| 16 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 grew | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the spark | into a flame result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into flame=Result | ||||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | a merry crackling | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/17/87/