The Lilac Fairy Book, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 30, sentence 54

When the hail had passed, I looked on the tree and not a single leaf was left on it, and the sky was blue and the sun shining, while on the branches were perched birds of very kind, who sang a song sweeter than any that has come to my ears, either before or since.

Who acts: hail, I, sky, sun, any · What happens: pass, look, leave, be, shine, perch · To what, where: single leaf, hail, branches, song, ears

This is a sentence of «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lilac Fairy Book, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hail, I, sky, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 passed	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 hail	det
3	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 passed	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 passed	aux
5	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 looked	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 passed	punct
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 looked	nsubj
8	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 tree	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tree	det
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 looked	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 left	cc
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 leaf	advmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 leaf	det
15	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 leaf	amod
16	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 left	nsubj:pass
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 left	aux:pass
18	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 looked	conj
19	on	on	ADP	_	20 it	case
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 left	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 blue	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 blue	cc
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 sky	det
24	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 blue	nsubj
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 blue	cop
26	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 looked	conj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 shining	cc
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 sun	det
29	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 shining	nsubj
30	shining	shine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 blue	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 birds	punct
32	while	while	SCONJ	_	37 perched	mark
33	on	on	ADP	_	35 branches	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 branches	det
35	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 perched	obl
36	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 perched	aux:pass
37	perched	perch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	38 birds	amod
38	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 looked	parataxis
39	of	of	SCONJ	_	41 kind	mark
40	very	very	ADV	_	41 kind	advmod
41	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 birds	advcl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 sang	punct
43	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	44 sang	nsubj
44	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	41 kind	conj
45	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	46 song	det
46	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 sang	obj
47	sweeter	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	44 sang	xcomp
48	than	than	SCONJ	_	52 come	mark
49	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	52 come	nsubj
50	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	52 come	nsubj
51	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	52 come	aux
52	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	47 sweeter	advcl
53	to	to	ADP	_	55 ears	case
54	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	55 ears	nmod:poss
55	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 come	obl
56	,	,	PUNCT	_	58 before	punct
57	either	either	CCONJ	_	58 before	cc:preconj
58	before	before	SCONJ	_	8 looked	advmod
59	or	or	CCONJ	_	60 since	cc
60	since	since	ADV	_	58 before	conj
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 looked	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pass	past · perfect	the hail				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	look	past	I			on the tree	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on tree=Theme
3	leave	past · passive		a single leaf	hail		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on it=Location
4	is	past	the sky			blue property	tree rules
5	shine	gerund	the sun				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	perch	past · passive			the branches		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: on branch=Location
7	sing speech: express	past		a song		sweet property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
8	come	present · perfect	any		my ears		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to ear=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Lilac Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3454 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3454/30/54/