The Red Fairy Book, The Twelve Dancing Princesses, sentence 3
His real name was Michael, but he was always called the Star Gazer, because when he drove his cows over the commons to seek for pasture, he went along with his head in the air, gaping at nothing.
Who acts: real name, boy · What happens: be, call, drive, seek, go along, gape · To what, where: Michael, boy, cows, commons, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Twelve Dancing Princesses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (real name, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 name | nmod:poss |
| 2 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 name | amod |
| 3 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Michael | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 Michael | cop |
| 5 | Michael | Michael | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 called | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 called | cc |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 called | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 called | aux:pass |
| 10 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 11 called | advmod |
| 11 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 Michael | parataxis |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Star | det |
| 13 | Star | Star | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 called | xcomp |
| 14 | Gazer | Gazer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Star | flat |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 drove | punct |
| 16 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 drove | mark |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 drove | advmod |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 drove | nsubj |
| 19 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 called | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 cows | nmod:poss |
| 21 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 drove | obj |
| 22 | over | over | ADP | _ | 24 commons | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 commons | det |
| 24 | commons | common | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 drove | obl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 seek | mark |
| 26 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 drove | advcl |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 pasture | case |
| 28 | pasture | pasture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 seek | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 went | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 went | nsubj |
| 31 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 Michael | acl:relcl |
| 32 | along | along | ADV | _ | 31 went | advmod |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 head | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 head | nmod:poss |
| 35 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 went | obl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 air | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 air | det |
| 38 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 went | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 gaping | punct |
| 40 | gaping | gape | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 went | advcl |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 nothing | case |
| 42 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 40 gaping | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 Michael | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | boy's real name | Michael | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | call | past · passive | boy | always property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | drive | past | boy | boy's cows | the commons | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cow=Theme over common=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | seek | to-infinitive | boy not said here | for pasture | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for pasture=Theme | ||||
| 5 | go along | past | boy | Michael not said here | the air | with boy's head; along property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location michael=Theme | ||
| 6 | gape | gerund | boy not said here | at nothing | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at nothing=Theme | ||||
| 7 | name | boy | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/2/3/