The Red Fairy Book, The Enchanted Canary, sentence 124

He hardly had courage to open his last orange.

Who acts: traveller, courage · What happens: have, open · To what, where: courage, last orange

This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Canary. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveller, courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 had	nsubj
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 open	mark
6	open	open	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 had	xcomp
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 orange	nmod:poss
8	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 orange	amod
9	orange	orange	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 open	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	traveller	courage				hardly property	tree rules
2	open	to-infinitive	courage not said here	traveller's last orange					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location orange=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg540/40/124/