The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 16, sentence 40
The grass grew green in the fields, and high in the air the larks were heard singing.
Who acts: grass, larks · What happens: grow, hear, sing · To what, where: fields, larks
This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grass, larks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 grass | det |
| 2 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grew | xcomp |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 fields | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fields | det |
| 7 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grew | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 high | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 high | cc |
| 10 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 grew | parataxis |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 air | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 air | det |
| 13 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 high | obl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 larks | det |
| 15 | larks | lark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 heard | aux:pass |
| 17 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 high | parataxis |
| 18 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 heard | xcomp |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the grass | the fields | green property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location | |||
| 2 | hear | past · passive | the larks | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | the larks not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/16/40/