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Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 29

Secondly, the ballads or _bylíny_; epic songs in an ancient metre, narrating historical episodes as they occur; and also comprising a cycle of heroic romance, comparable with the _chansons de geste_ of Charlemagne, the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irish, and possibly with the little minor epics out of which it is supposed that some supreme Greek genius built up the artistic epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Who acts: episodes, ballads, some, supreme Greek genius · What happens: narrate, occur, comprise, suppose, genius, build up · To what, where: historical episodes, cycle, little minor epics, artistic epics, ballads

This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (episodes, ballads, some, supreme Greek genius), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodpunctdetccpunctconjpunctpunctamodconjcasedetamodnmodpunctconjamodobjmarknsubjadvclpunctccadvmodacldetobjcaseamodnmodpunctamodcasedetamodoblcasenmodpunctcaseoblpunctdetconjcasenmodccconjcasedetnmodpunctccadvmodcasedetamodamodapposcasecaseoblnsubj:passaux:passparataxismarknsubjamodamodxcompaclcompound:prtdetamodobjcasedetnmodccdetconjpunctrootSecondlyADV,PUNCTtheDETballadsNOUNorCCONJ_PUNCTbylínyNOUN_PUNCT;PUNCTepicADJsongsNOUNinADPanDETancientADJmetreNOUN,PUNCTnarratingVERBhistoricalADJepisodesNOUNasSCONJtheyPRONoccurVERB;PUNCTandCCONJalsoADVcomprisingVERBaDETcycleNOUNofADPheroicADJromanceNOUN,PUNCTcomparableADJwithADPtheDET_ADJchansonsNOUNdeADPgesteNOUN_PUNCTofADPCharlemagnePROPN,PUNCTtheDETcyclesNOUNofADPFinnPROPNandCCONJCuchúlainPROPNofADPtheDETIrishADJ,PUNCTandCCONJpossiblyADVwithADPtheDETlittleADJminorADJepicsNOUNoutADPofADPwhichPRONitPRONisAUXsupposedVERBthatSCONJsomeDETsupremeADJGreekADJgeniusNOUNbuiltVERBupADPtheDETartisticADJepicsNOUNofADPtheDETIliadPROPNandCCONJtheDETOdysseyPROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SecondlysecondlyADV_4 balladsadvmod
2,,PUNCT_1 Secondlypunct
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 balladsdet
4balladsballadNOUNNumber=Plurrootroot
5ororCCONJ_7 bylínycc
6__PUNCT_7 bylínypunct
7bylínybylínyNOUNNumber=Sing4 balladsconj
8__PUNCT_7 bylínypunct
9;;PUNCT_11 songspunct
10epicepicADJDegree=Pos11 songsamod
11songssongNOUNNumber=Plur4 balladsconj
12ininADP_15 metrecase
13anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art15 metredet
14ancientancientADJDegree=Pos15 metreamod
15metremetreNOUNNumber=Sing11 songsnmod
16,,PUNCT_17 narratingpunct
17narratingnarrateVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part11 songsconj
18historicalhistoricalADJDegree=Pos19 episodesamod
19episodesepisodeNOUNNumber=Plur17 narratingobj
20asasSCONJ_22 occurmark
21theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs22 occurnsubj
22occuroccurVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin17 narratingadvcl
23;;PUNCT_26 comprisingpunct
24andandCCONJ_26 comprisingcc
25alsoalsoADV_26 comprisingadvmod
26comprisingcompriseVERBVerbForm=Ger4 balladsacl
27aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art28 cycledet
28cyclecycleNOUNNumber=Sing26 comprisingobj
29ofofADP_31 romancecase
30heroicheroicADJDegree=Pos31 romanceamod
31romanceromanceNOUNNumber=Sing28 cyclenmod
32,,PUNCT_33 comparablepunct
33comparablecomparableADJDegree=Pos31 romanceamod
34withwithADP_37 chansonscase
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 chansonsdet
36__ADJDegree=Pos37 chansonsamod
37chansonschansonNOUNNumber=Plur33 comparableobl
38dedeADP_39 gestecase
39gestegesteNOUNNumber=Sing37 chansonsnmod
40__PUNCT_42 Charlemagnepunct
41ofofADP_42 Charlemagnecase
42CharlemagneCharlemagnePROPNNumber=Sing26 comprisingobl
43,,PUNCT_45 cyclespunct
44thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art45 cyclesdet
45cyclescycleNOUNNumber=Plur42 Charlemagneconj
46ofofADP_47 Finncase
47FinnFinnPROPNNumber=Sing45 cyclesnmod
48andandCCONJ_49 Cuchúlaincc
49CuchúlainCuchúlainPROPNNumber=Sing47 Finnconj
50ofofADP_52 Irishcase
51thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art52 Irishdet
52IrishIrishADJDegree=Pos49 Cuchúlainnmod
53,,PUNCT_60 epicspunct
54andandCCONJ_60 epicscc
55possiblypossiblyADV_60 epicsadvmod
56withwithADP_60 epicscase
57thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art60 epicsdet
58littlelittleADJDegree=Pos60 epicsamod
59minorminorADJDegree=Pos60 epicsamod
60epicsepicNOUNNumber=Plur42 Charlemagneappos
61outoutADP_63 whichcase
62ofofADP_63 whichcase
63whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel66 supposedobl
64ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs66 supposednsubj:pass
65isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin66 supposedaux:pass
66supposedsupposeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass60 epicsparataxis
67thatthatSCONJ_71 geniusmark
68somesomeDETPronType=Ind71 geniusnsubj
69supremesupremeADJDegree=Pos71 geniusamod
70GreekGreekADJDegree=Pos71 geniusamod
71geniusgeniusNOUNNumber=Sing66 supposedxcomp
72builtbuildVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass71 geniusacl
73upupADP_72 builtcompound:prt
74thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art76 epicsdet
75artisticartisticADJDegree=Pos76 epicsamod
76epicsepicNOUNNumber=Plur72 builtobj
77ofofADP_79 Iliadcase
78thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art79 Iliaddet
79IliadIliadPROPNNumber=Sing76 epicsnmod
80andandCCONJ_82 Odysseycc
81thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art82 Odysseydet
82OdysseyOdysseyPROPNNumber=Sing79 Iliadconj
83..PUNCT_4 balladspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1narrate speech: othergerundhistorical episodesvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent episode=Topic
2occurpresentepisodes = episodevn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3comprisegerundthe ballads or bylíny and epic songs in a ancient metre not said herea cycle of heroic romanceof Charlemagne and the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irishvn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cycle=Pivot
4supposepresent · passivecyclethe little minor epicsvn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute
5geniussometree rules
6build upparticiplesupreme Greek genius not said herethe artistic epics of the Iliad and the Odysseyvn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer epic=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/29/