Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 30
These _bylíny_ may be ranked as fiction: i.e. as facts of real life (as then understood), applied to non-existent, unvouched, or legendary individuals.
What happens: rank, understand, apply · To what, where: bylíny
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 bylíny | det |
| 2 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 3 bylíny | punct |
| 3 | bylíny | bylíny | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ranked | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 3 bylíny | punct |
| 5 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 ranked | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 ranked | aux:pass |
| 7 | ranked | rank | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 fiction | case |
| 9 | fiction | fiction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ranked | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 i.e. | punct |
| 11 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 7 ranked | parataxis |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 facts | case |
| 13 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 i.e. | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 life | case |
| 15 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 life | amod |
| 16 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 facts | nmod |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 understood | punct |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 understood | mark |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 understood | advmod |
| 20 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 ranked | conj |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 understood | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 applied | punct |
| 23 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 ranked | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 individuals | case |
| 25 | non-existent | non-existent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 individuals | amod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 unvouched | punct |
| 27 | unvouched | unvouched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 non-existent | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 individuals | punct |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 individuals | cc |
| 30 | legendary | legendary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 individuals | amod |
| 31 | individuals | individual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 applied | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ranked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rank | may · passive | this bylíny | as fiction | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as fiction=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | understand | past | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | apply | participle | to non-existent legendary individuals | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/30/