Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 37
Then the grey Wolf struck the grey earth and became the golden-maned horse; and Iván Tsarévich left the Fair Eléna in the green meadow, sat on the grey Wolf and went into the palace to Tsar Dolmát; and as soon as ever Tsar Dolmát saw Iván Tsarévich, that he was riding the golden-maned horse, he came out of his palace, met the Tsarévich in the open courtyard, kissed him on his smooth cheeks, took him by his right hand and led him into the white-stoned palace.
Who acts: grey Wolf, Iván, Tsar · What happens: strike, become, leave, sit, go, see · To what, where: grey earth, golden maned horse, Fair Eléna, green meadow, grey Wolf, palace
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, Iván, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 struck | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Wolf | det |
| 3 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Wolf | amod |
| 4 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 struck | nsubj |
| 5 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 earth | det |
| 7 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 earth | amod |
| 8 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 struck | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 became | cc |
| 10 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 horse | det |
| 12 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 horse | amod |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 golden | punct |
| 14 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 horse | amod |
| 15 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 became | xcomp |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 left | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 left | cc |
| 18 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 left | nsubj |
| 19 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Iván | flat |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Eléna | det |
| 22 | Fair | Fair | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Eléna | compound |
| 23 | Eléna | Eléna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 meadow | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 meadow | det |
| 26 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 meadow | amod |
| 27 | meadow | meadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sat | punct |
| 29 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | parataxis |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 Wolf | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Wolf | det |
| 32 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Wolf | amod |
| 33 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 sat | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 went | cc |
| 35 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 sat | conj |
| 36 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 palace | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 palace | det |
| 38 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 went | obl |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 Tsar | case |
| 40 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 palace | nmod |
| 41 | Dolmát | Dolmát | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Tsar | flat |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 saw | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 saw | cc |
| 44 | as | as | ADV | _ | 45 soon | advmod |
| 45 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 50 saw | advmod |
| 46 | as | as | ADP | _ | 47 ever | case |
| 47 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 45 soon | obl |
| 48 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 saw | nsubj |
| 49 | Dolmát | Dolmát | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Tsar | flat |
| 50 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | conj |
| 51 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 saw | obj |
| 52 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 Iván | flat |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 riding | punct |
| 54 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 57 riding | mark |
| 55 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 riding | nsubj |
| 56 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 riding | aux |
| 57 | riding | ride | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 50 saw | advcl |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 horse | det |
| 59 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 horse | amod |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 59 golden | punct |
| 61 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 horse | amod |
| 62 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 riding | obj |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 came | punct |
| 64 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 65 came | nsubj |
| 65 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | parataxis |
| 66 | out | out | ADP | _ | 69 palace | case |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 palace | case |
| 68 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 palace | nmod:poss |
| 69 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 came | obl |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 met | punct |
| 71 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 65 came | conj |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 Tsarévich | det |
| 73 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 met | obj |
| 74 | in | in | ADP | _ | 77 courtyard | case |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 courtyard | det |
| 76 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 courtyard | amod |
| 77 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 met | obl |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 kissed | punct |
| 79 | kissed | kiss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | parataxis |
| 80 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 79 kissed | obj |
| 81 | on | on | ADP | _ | 84 cheeks | case |
| 82 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 84 cheeks | nmod:poss |
| 83 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 cheeks | amod |
| 84 | cheeks | cheek | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 kissed | obl |
| 85 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 86 took | punct |
| 86 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 struck | parataxis |
| 87 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 86 took | obj |
| 88 | by | by | ADP | _ | 91 hand | case |
| 89 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 91 hand | nmod:poss |
| 90 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 91 hand | amod |
| 91 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 took | obl |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 93 led | cc |
| 93 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 86 took | conj |
| 94 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 93 led | obj |
| 95 | into | into | ADP | _ | 100 palace | case |
| 96 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 100 palace | det |
| 97 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 99 stoned | compound |
| 98 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 97 white | punct |
| 99 | stoned | stone | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 100 palace | amod |
| 100 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 led | obl |
| 101 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | past | the grey Wolf | the grey earth | then | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient | |||
| 2 | become | past | the grey Wolf not said here | the golden maned horse | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | leave | past | Iván | the Fair Eléna | the green meadow | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent eléna=Theme in meadow=Location | |||
| 4 | sit | past | the grey Wolf | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wolf=Location | |||||
| 5 | go | past | the palace to Tsar | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into palace=Initial_Location | |||||
| 6 | see | past | Tsar | Iván | ever | soon property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iván=Stimulus | ||
| 7 | ride | past · progressive | Iván | the golden maned horse | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | ||||
| 8 | come out | past | Iván | Iván's palace | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient palace=Result | ||||
| 9 | meet | past | Iván not said here | the Tsarévich | the open courtyard | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tsarévich=Co-Agent | |||
| 10 | kiss | past | Iván | Iván's smooth cheeks | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent | ||||
| 11 | take | past | Iván | by Iván's right hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination | ||||
| 12 | lead | past | Iván | the stoned palace | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into palace=Destination | ||||
| 13 | stone | participle | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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