Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 44
Soon the grey Wolf took Iván Tsarévich to the place where he had cleft his horse in two, and said: “Now, Iván Tsarévich, I have served you well, faithfully and truly: on this spot I cleft your horse in two, and up to this spot I have brought you again: slip off me, off the grey Wolf; now you have your golden-maned horse, I can serve you no more.”
Who acts: grey Wolf, Iván, I, you · What happens: take, have, say, serve, cleft, bring · To what, where: Iván, cleft, two, horse, spot, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, Iván, I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 took | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Wolf | det |
| 3 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Wolf | amod |
| 4 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 7 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Iván | flat |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 place | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 place | det |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obl |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 had | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 place | acl:relcl |
| 14 | cleft | cleft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | obj |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 horse | nmod:poss |
| 16 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cleft | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 two | case |
| 18 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 had | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 said | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 said | cc |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | parataxis |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 31 served | punct |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 served | punct |
| 24 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 Iván | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Iván | punct |
| 26 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 served | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Iván | flat |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Iván | punct |
| 29 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 served | nsubj |
| 30 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 served | aux |
| 31 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 said | ccomp |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 served | obj |
| 33 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 31 served | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 faithfully | punct |
| 35 | faithfully | faithfully | ADV | _ | 31 served | advmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 truly | cc |
| 37 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 35 faithfully | conj |
| 38 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 43 cleft | punct |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 41 spot | case |
| 40 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 spot | det |
| 41 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 cleft | obl |
| 42 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 cleft | nsubj |
| 43 | cleft | cleft | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 said | conj |
| 44 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 horse | nmod:poss |
| 45 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 cleft | obj |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 two | case |
| 47 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 cleft | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 brought | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 brought | cc |
| 50 | up | up | ADV | _ | 56 brought | advmod |
| 51 | to | to | ADP | _ | 53 spot | case |
| 52 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 53 spot | det |
| 53 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 brought | obl |
| 54 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 56 brought | nsubj |
| 55 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 56 brought | aux |
| 56 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 took | conj |
| 57 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 56 brought | obj |
| 58 | again | again | ADV | _ | 56 brought | advmod |
| 59 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 60 slip | punct |
| 60 | slip | slip | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | parataxis |
| 61 | off | off | ADP | _ | 62 me | case |
| 62 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 60 slip | obl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 Wolf | punct |
| 64 | off | off | ADP | _ | 67 Wolf | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 Wolf | det |
| 66 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 Wolf | amod |
| 67 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 slip | obl |
| 68 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 71 have | punct |
| 69 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 71 have | advmod |
| 70 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 71 have | nsubj |
| 71 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 80 serve | advcl |
| 72 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 76 horse | nmod:poss |
| 73 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 horse | amod |
| 74 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 73 golden | punct |
| 75 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 horse | amod |
| 76 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 have | obj |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 have | punct |
| 78 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 80 serve | nsubj |
| 79 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 80 serve | aux |
| 80 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 60 slip | parataxis |
| 81 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 80 serve | obj |
| 82 | no | no | ADV | _ | 83 more | advmod |
| 83 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 80 serve | advmod |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 60 slip | punct |
| 85 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 60 slip | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the grey Wolf | Iván | to the place; soon property | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent iván=Theme to place=be' clause=Attribute | |||
| 2 | have | past | Iván | cleft Iván's horse | two | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cleft=Patient | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | serve in a quote | present · perfect · passive | Iván | I nsubj; you obj; faithfully, well property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | cleft in a quote | present | I | your horse | this spot | in two | tree rules | ||
| 6 | bring in a quote | present · perfect | I | you | this spot | again | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent you=Theme to spot=Destination | ||
| 7 | slip off in a quote | infinitive | me | off the grey Wolf | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient off wolf=Co-Patient | ||||
| 8 | have in a quote | present | you | your golden maned horse | now | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient | |||
| 9 | serve in a quote | can | I | you | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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