Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 46
And before he reached his own kingdom and when he was only twenty _versts_ off, he stopped, got off his horse, and together with the fair Eléna went under a tree: he tied the golden-maned horse to that same tree, and he took the cage with the Bird of Light with him; and lying on the grass engaged in loving conversations they went to sleep.
Who acts: Iván, fair Eléna, lying, conversations · What happens: reach, be, stop, get off, go, tie · To what, where: own kingdom, twenty versts, horse, tree, golden maned horse, cage
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, fair Eléna, lying, conversations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 reached | cc |
| 2 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 4 reached | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 reached | nsubj |
| 4 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 6 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 kingdom | amod |
| 7 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 versts | cc |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 versts | advmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 versts | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 versts | cop |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 twenty | advmod |
| 13 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 versts | nummod |
| 14 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 15 versts | punct |
| 15 | versts | verst | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 reached | conj |
| 16 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 17 off | punct |
| 17 | off | off | ADV | _ | 15 versts | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stopped | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 stopped | nsubj |
| 20 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 off | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 got | punct |
| 22 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 stopped | conj |
| 23 | off | off | ADP | _ | 22 got | compound:prt |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 horse | nmod:poss |
| 25 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 got | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 together | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 together | cc |
| 28 | together | together | ADV | _ | 4 reached | advmod |
| 29 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 33 went | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Eléna | det |
| 31 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 Eléna | amod |
| 32 | Eléna | Eléna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 went | nsubj |
| 33 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 reached | advcl |
| 34 | under | under | ADP | _ | 36 tree | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 tree | det |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 went | obl |
| 37 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 39 tied | punct |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 tied | nsubj |
| 39 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 reached | conj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 horse | det |
| 41 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 horse | amod |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 golden | punct |
| 43 | maned | maned | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 horse | amod |
| 44 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 tied | obj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 tree | case |
| 46 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 48 tree | det |
| 47 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 tree | amod |
| 48 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 tied | obl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 took | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 took | cc |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 took | nsubj |
| 52 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 tied | conj |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 cage | det |
| 54 | cage | cage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 took | obj |
| 55 | with | with | ADP | _ | 57 Bird | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Bird | det |
| 57 | Bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 took | obl |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 Light | case |
| 59 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 Bird | nmod |
| 60 | with | with | ADP | _ | 61 him | case |
| 61 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 Light | nmod |
| 62 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 68 engaged | punct |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 engaged | cc |
| 64 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 68 engaged | csubj |
| 65 | on | on | ADP | _ | 67 grass | case |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 grass | det |
| 67 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 lying | obl |
| 68 | engaged | engage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 reached | conj |
| 69 | in | in | ADP | _ | 71 conversations | case |
| 70 | loving | loving | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 conversations | amod |
| 71 | conversations | conversation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 68 engaged | obl |
| 72 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 73 went | nsubj |
| 73 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 71 conversations | acl:relcl |
| 74 | to | to | PART | _ | 75 sleep | mark |
| 75 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 73 went | xcomp |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | Iván | Iván's own kingdom | together property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | past | Iván | twenty versts | off property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | stop | past | Iván | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | get off | past | Iván not said here | Iván's horse | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | go | past | the fair Eléna | a tree | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under tree=Location | ||||
| 6 | tie | past | Iván | the golden maned horse | to that same tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horse=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | |||
| 7 | take | past | Iván | the cage | with the Bird of Light with Eléna | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cage=Theme | |||
| 8 | lie | gerund | the grass | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location | |||||
| 9 | engage | past | lying | in loving conversations goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in conversation=Goal | ||||
| 10 | go | past | conversations = conversation | loving conversations not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | sleep | to-infinitive | conversations = conversation not said here | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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