Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 71
The candle burned down, and one of the stepmother’s daughters took the snuffers in order to cut down the wick.
Who acts: candle, one · What happens: burn down, take, cut down · To what, where: snuffers, order, wick
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (candle, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 candle | det |
| 2 | candle | candle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 burned | nsubj |
| 3 | burned | burn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADP | _ | 3 burned | compound:prt |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 took | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 took | cc |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 took | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 daughters | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 stepmother | det |
| 10 | stepmother | stepmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 daughters | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 stepmother | case |
| 12 | daughters | daughter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 one | nmod |
| 13 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 burned | parataxis |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 snuffers | det |
| 15 | snuffers | snuffer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 took | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 order | case |
| 17 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 took | obl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 cut | mark |
| 19 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 took | advcl |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 19 cut | compound:prt |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wick | det |
| 22 | wick | wick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cut | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 burned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn down | participle | the candle | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | take | past | one of the stepmother's daughters | the snuffers | order | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent snuffer=Value in order=Location | |||
| 3 | cut down | to-infinitive | one of the stepmother's daughters not said here | the wick | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wick=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/14/71/