Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 96
He was all in black, on a jet-black horse, with a jet-black cloak.
Who acts: gate · What happens: be
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 black | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 black | cop |
| 3 | all | all | ADV | _ | 5 black | advmod |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 black | case |
| 5 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 horse | punct |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 horse | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 horse | det |
| 9 | jet | jet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 black | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 jet | punct |
| 11 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 horse | amod |
| 12 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 black | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 cloak | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 cloak | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 cloak | det |
| 16 | jet | jet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 black | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 jet | punct |
| 18 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cloak | amod |
| 19 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 black | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 black | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | gate | on a black horse; a black cloak conj; all, black property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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