Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 151
Out of its nostrils it breathed flames, columns of smoke rose from its ears, and as its hoofs struck the ground sparks arose.
Who acts: earth, columns, hoofs, ground sparks · What happens: breathe, rise, strike, arise · To what, where: flames, nostrils
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, columns, hoofs, ground sparks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Out | out | ADP | _ | 4 nostrils | case |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 nostrils | case |
| 3 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 4 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rose | obl |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 breathed | nsubj |
| 6 | breathed | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 nostrils | acl:relcl |
| 7 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 breathed | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 nostrils | punct |
| 9 | columns | column | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rose | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 smoke | case |
| 11 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 columns | nmod |
| 12 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 ears | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 ears | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rose | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 struck | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 struck | cc |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 hoofs | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 hoofs | nmod:poss |
| 20 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 struck | nsubj |
| 21 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 rose | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sparks | det |
| 23 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sparks | compound |
| 24 | sparks | spark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 arose | nsubj |
| 25 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 struck | ccomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 rose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | past | earth | flames | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flame=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rise | past | columns of smoke | earth's nostrils | from earth's ears | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme out nostril=Initial_Location from ear=Destination | |||
| 3 | strike | past | earth's hoofs | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | arise | past | the ground sparks | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/17/151/