Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 150
They went in front of the house; and he whistled loud, and a black horse rose out of the earth, and the earth trembled under its hoofs.
Who acts: horses, strength, black horse, earth · What happens: go, whistle, rise, tremble · To what, where: front, earth, hoofs
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, strength, black horse, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 went | nsubj |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 front | case |
| 4 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 went | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 house | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 house | det |
| 7 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 front | nmod |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 whistled | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 whistled | cc |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 whistled | nsubj |
| 11 | whistled | whistle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | parataxis |
| 12 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 whistled | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rose | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 rose | cc |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 horse | det |
| 16 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 horse | amod |
| 17 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rose | nsubj |
| 18 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 whistled | conj |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 earth | case |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 earth | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 earth | det |
| 22 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rose | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 trembled | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 trembled | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 earth | det |
| 26 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 trembled | nsubj |
| 27 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | conj |
| 28 | under | under | ADP | _ | 30 hoofs | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 hoofs | nmod:poss |
| 30 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 trembled | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | horses = horse | front of the house | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in front=Location | ||||
| 2 | whistle | past | strength | loud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | rise | past | a black horse | the earth | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out earth=Location | ||||
| 4 | tremble | past | the earth | earth's hoofs | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under hoof=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/17/150/