Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 18, sentence 116
Then he went and lay on the cauldron, and he heard a cry: “I am hanging on the cross-beam!
Who acts: man, old man · What happens: go, lie, hear, hang · To what, where: cauldron, cry, cross-beam · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 lay | cc |
| 5 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 cauldron | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cauldron | det |
| 8 | cauldron | cauldron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lay | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 heard | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | parataxis |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cry | det |
| 14 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 heard | obj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 hanging | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 hanging | punct |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 hanging | nsubj |
| 18 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 hanging | aux |
| 19 | hanging | hang | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 heard | conj |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 cross-beam | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 cross-beam | det |
| 22 | cross-beam | cross-beam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hanging | obl |
| 23 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | man | then | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lie | past | man not said here | the cauldron | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on cauldron=Location | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | man | a cry | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | hang in a quote | present · progressive | old man = man | the cross-beam | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on cross-beam=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/18/116/