Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 10
Then the guests began to ask him, “Tell us, soldier, why are you crying?”
Who acts: guests, you · What happens: begin, ask, tell, cry · To what, where: general, soldier, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guests, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 guests | det |
| 3 | guests | guest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 ask | mark |
| 6 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 ask | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Tell | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Tell | punct |
| 10 | Tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | parataxis |
| 11 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 Tell | iobj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 soldier | punct |
| 13 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Tell | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 crying | punct |
| 15 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 crying | advmod |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 crying | aux |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 crying | nsubj |
| 18 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 Tell | ccomp |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 crying | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the guests | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | the guests not said here | general | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | soldier | us | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | cry speech: express in a quote | present · progressive | you | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/10/