Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 9
The soldier saw that it was jollity within, but that he himself had nothing at all, and he began to weep bitter tears.
Who acts: soldier, multitude, general · What happens: see, be, have, begin, weep · To what, where: jollity, nothing, all, bitter tears
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier, multitude, general), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 soldier | det |
| 2 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 jollity | mark |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 jollity | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 jollity | cop |
| 7 | jollity | jollity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | xcomp |
| 8 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 jollity | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 had | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 had | cc |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 had | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 had | nsubj |
| 13 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 12 he | nmod:unmarked |
| 14 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 saw | conj |
| 15 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 14 had | obj |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 all | case |
| 17 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 nothing | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 began | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 began | cc |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 began | nsubj |
| 21 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 saw | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 weep | mark |
| 23 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 began | xcomp |
| 24 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 tears | amod |
| 25 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 weep | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the soldier | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | multitude | jollity | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | past | general | nothing | all | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | |||
| 4 | begin | past | general | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | weep | to-infinitive | general not said here | bitter tears | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/9/