Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 63
Then Alyósha made a prayer: “Holy Mother of God, do thou punish the black traitor, and grant out of the black cloud a thick gritty rain that shall damp Túgarin’s light wings, and he may fall on the grey earth and stand on the open field!”
Who acts: Alyósha, thou, thick gritty rain, ALYÓSHA · What happens: make, punish, grant, damp, fall, stand · To what, where: prayer, black traitor, black cloud, light wings, grey earth, open field · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alyósha, thou, thick gritty rain, ALYÓSHA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 made | advmod |
| 2 | Alyósha | Alyósha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 prayer | det |
| 5 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Mother | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Mother | punct |
| 8 | Holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Mother | amod |
| 9 | Mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 God | case |
| 11 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Mother | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 punish | punct |
| 13 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 punish | aux |
| 14 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 15 punish | nsubj |
| 15 | punish | punish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 made | parataxis |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 traitor | det |
| 17 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 traitor | amod |
| 18 | traitor | traitor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 punish | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 grant | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 grant | cc |
| 21 | grant | grant | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 punish | conj |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 cloud | case |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 cloud | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 cloud | det |
| 25 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cloud | amod |
| 26 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 grant | obl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 rain | det |
| 28 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 rain | amod |
| 29 | gritty | gritty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 rain | amod |
| 30 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cloud | nmod |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 damp | nsubj |
| 32 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 damp | aux |
| 33 | damp | damp | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 rain | acl:relcl |
| 34 | Túgarin | Túgarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 wings | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 34 Túgarin | case |
| 36 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 wings | compound |
| 37 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 damp | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 fall | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 fall | cc |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 fall | nsubj |
| 41 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 fall | aux |
| 42 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 made | parataxis |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 earth | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 earth | det |
| 45 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 earth | amod |
| 46 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 fall | obl |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 stand | cc |
| 48 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 fall | conj |
| 49 | on | on | ADP | _ | 52 field | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 field | det |
| 51 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 field | amod |
| 52 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 stand | obl |
| 53 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 48 stand | punct |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Alyósha | a prayer | then | Holy Mother of God obl | tree rules | ||
| 2 | punish in a quote | present · do-support | thou | the black traitor | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traitor=Patient | ||||
| 3 | grant in a quote | infinitive | thou not said here | the black cloud a thick gritty rain | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | damp in a quote | shall | a thick gritty rain | Túgarin's light wings | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fall in a quote | may | ALYÓSHA = alyósha | the grey earth | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on earth=Location | ||||
| 6 | stand in a quote | infinitive | ALYÓSHA = alyósha not said here | the open field | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on field=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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