Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 82
Once upon a time in a certain country, in a certain kingdom, there were two peasants, Iván and Naúm.
Who acts: two peasants · What happens: be
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two peasants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 were | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Once | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 country | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 country | det |
| 7 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 country | amod |
| 8 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 time | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 kingdom | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 kingdom | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 kingdom | det |
| 12 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 kingdom | amod |
| 13 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 country | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Once | punct |
| 15 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 16 were | expl |
| 16 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 peasants | nummod |
| 18 | peasants | peasant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 were | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Iván | punct |
| 20 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 peasants | appos |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 Naúm | cc |
| 22 | Naúm | Naúm | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Iván | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | two peasants | there | once property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/82/