Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 107
Soon it began to grow dark, and the old man roused Iván and said: “Here are three tapers.
Who acts: danger, old man · What happens: begin, grow, rouse, say, be · To what, where: Iván · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (danger, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 grow | mark |
| 5 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 grow | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 roused | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 roused | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 roused | nsubj |
| 12 | roused | rouse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | conj |
| 13 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 roused | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 roused | conj |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 Here | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 Here | punct |
| 18 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 said | ccomp |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 Here | cop |
| 20 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 tapers | nummod |
| 21 | tapers | taper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 are | nsubj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | danger | soon property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | grow | to-infinitive | danger not said here | dark property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | rouse | past | the old man | Iván | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iván=Patient | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the old man not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | here property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/21/107/