Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 33
And the witch said to Iván: “Now, Iván, the merchant’s son, if you have been able to pray to God and to bring me to life again, now learn how to master me, and I will never depart one step from you.”
Who acts: witch, Iván · What happens: say, be, pray, bring, learn, master · To what, where: Iván, God, witch, life, one step · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (witch, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 witch | det |
| 3 | witch | witch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Iván | case |
| 6 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 Iván | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Iván | punct |
| 9 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 Iván | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Iván | punct |
| 11 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 son | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 merchant | det |
| 14 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 son | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 merchant | case |
| 16 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Iván | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 able | punct |
| 18 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 22 able | mark |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 able | nsubj |
| 20 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 able | aux |
| 21 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 able | cop |
| 22 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 said | ccomp |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 pray | mark |
| 24 | pray | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 able | xcomp |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 God | case |
| 26 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 pray | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 bring | cc |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 bring | mark |
| 29 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 pray | conj |
| 30 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 bring | obj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 life | case |
| 32 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 bring | obl |
| 33 | again | again | ADV | _ | 29 bring | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 learn | punct |
| 35 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 learn | advmod |
| 36 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 bring | conj |
| 37 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 master | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 master | mark |
| 39 | master | master | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 learn | xcomp |
| 40 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 39 master | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 depart | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 depart | cc |
| 43 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 depart | nsubj |
| 44 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 depart | aux |
| 45 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 46 depart | advmod |
| 46 | depart | depart | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 47 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 48 step | nummod |
| 48 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 depart | obj |
| 49 | from | from | ADP | _ | 50 you | case |
| 50 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 depart | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 46 depart | punct |
| 52 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 depart | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the witch | Iván | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to iván=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present · perfect | Iván | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | pray in a quote | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | God | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 4 | bring in a quote | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | the witch = witch | life | again | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to life=Destination | ||
| 5 | learn in a quote | infinitive | Iván not said here | now | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | master in a quote | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | the witch = witch | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | not depart in a quote | future | the witch = witch | one step | from Iván | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme step=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/22/33/