Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 56
When the poor saw that Iván had arrived with untold wealth, they crowded to the shore and began to kiss Iván’s hands, his feet, and the hem of his garment; and all present were so joyous that the tears flowed from their eyes.
Who acts: poor, Iván, alms, all, tears · What happens: see, arrive, crowd, begin, kiss, be · To what, where: hem, hands, eyes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor, Iván, alms, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 poor | det |
| 3 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 crowded | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 arrived | mark |
| 6 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 arrived | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 arrived | aux |
| 8 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 wealth | case |
| 10 | untold | untold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 wealth | amod |
| 11 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 arrived | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 crowded | nsubj |
| 14 | crowded | crowd | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 shore | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 shore | det |
| 17 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 crowded | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 began | cc |
| 19 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 crowded | conj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 kiss | mark |
| 21 | kiss | kiss | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 began | xcomp |
| 22 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 hands | nmod:poss |
| 23 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 22 Iván | case |
| 24 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 kiss | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 feet | punct |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 feet | nmod:poss |
| 27 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 hands | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hem | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hem | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hem | det |
| 31 | hem | hem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 began | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 garment | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 garment | nmod:poss |
| 34 | garment | garment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hem | nmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 joyous | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 joyous | cc |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 41 joyous | nsubj |
| 38 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 all | nmod |
| 39 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 joyous | cop |
| 40 | so | so | ADV | _ | 41 joyous | advmod |
| 41 | joyous | joyous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 crowded | parataxis |
| 42 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 45 flowed | mark |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 tears | det |
| 44 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 flowed | nsubj |
| 45 | flowed | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 joyous | advcl |
| 46 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 eyes | case |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 48 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 flowed | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 crowded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the poor | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | arrive | past · perfect | Iván | with untold wealth | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | crowd | past | alms = alm | to the shore | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | begin | past | alms = alm not said here | the hem of Iván's garment | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | kiss | to-infinitive | alms = alm not said here | Iván's hands and Iván's feet | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | is | past | all present | joyous property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | flow | past | the tears | alms's eyes | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/22/56/