Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 57
Iván put up crosses on his parents’ grave, clothed the poor, gave them his house, and returned to his father-in-law, and for many years governed his kingdom.
Who acts: Iván · What happens: put up, clothe, give, return, govern · To what, where: crosses, grave, poor, house, parents, kingdom
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 put | nsubj |
| 2 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 put | compound:prt |
| 4 | crosses | cross | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 put | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 grave | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 parents | nmod:poss |
| 7 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 grave | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 7 parents | case |
| 9 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 put | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 clothed | punct |
| 11 | clothed | clothe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | parataxis |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 poor | det |
| 13 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 clothed | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 gave | punct |
| 15 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 clothed | conj |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 gave | iobj |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 house | nmod:poss |
| 18 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gave | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 returned | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 returned | cc |
| 21 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 law | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 father | nmod:poss |
| 24 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 law | nsubj |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 law | punct |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 law | case |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 in | punct |
| 28 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 returned | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 governed | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 governed | cc |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 years | case |
| 32 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 years | amod |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 governed | obl |
| 34 | governed | govern | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 put | conj |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 36 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 governed | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put up | past | Iván | crosses | Iván's parents's grave | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cross=Theme on grave=Destination | |||
| 2 | clothe | past | the poor | vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poor=Patient | |||||
| 3 | give | past | Iván's house | parents = parent | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient house=Theme | ||||
| 4 | return | past | Iván not said here | to law Iván's father result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to law=Result | ||||
| 5 | govern | past | Iván not said here | Iván's kingdom | year | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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