Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 25
Vertodúb guessed Iván was fleeing from his sister, and piled oaks on the way, whirled a vast mass of them in her path and she could not get through; she had at first to clear the road.
Who acts: Vertodúb, Iván, piled oaks · What happens: guess, flee, pile, whirl, not get through, have · To what, where: vast mass, path, road · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vertodúb, Iván, piled oaks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vertodúb | Vertodúb | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 guessed | nsubj |
| 2 | guessed | guess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 fleeing | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fleeing | aux |
| 5 | fleeing | flee | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 guessed | ccomp |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 sister | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 sister | nmod:poss |
| 8 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fleeing | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 whirled | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 whirled | cc |
| 11 | piled | pile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 oaks | amod |
| 12 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 whirled | nsubj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 way | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 way | det |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 oaks | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 oaks | punct |
| 17 | whirled | whirl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 guessed | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 mass | det |
| 19 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 mass | amod |
| 20 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 whirled | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 mass | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 path | case |
| 24 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 path | nmod:poss |
| 25 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 whirled | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 get | cc |
| 27 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 get | nsubj |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 get | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 get | advmod |
| 30 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 whirled | conj |
| 31 | through | through | ADV | _ | 30 get | advmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 had | punct |
| 33 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 had | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 guessed | conj |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 first | case |
| 36 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 34 had | obl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 clear | mark |
| 38 | clear | clear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 had | advcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 road | det |
| 40 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 clear | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 guessed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guess | past | Vertodúb | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | flee | past · progressive | Iván | from Iván's sister | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sister=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | pile | participle | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | whirl | past | piled oaks on the way | a vast mass of strings | Sister's path | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mass=Theme | |||
| 5 | not get through | could | Vertodúb | through property | vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | have | past | Vertodúb | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | clear | to-infinitive | Vertodúb not said here | the road | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent road=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/23/25/