Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 85
Iván Tsarévich gave him a whole gallon of water: he drank it at a single gulp, and he still asked, “I am still thirsty: give me a gallon,” and Iván gave him a second gallon, and yet a third.
Who acts: Iván · What happens: give, drink, ask, be · To what, where: whole gallon, throat, gallon, single gulp, Iván, second gallon · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 gave | iobj |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 gallon | det |
| 6 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 gallon | amod |
| 7 | gallon | gallon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 water | case |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gallon | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 drank | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 drank | nsubj |
| 12 | drank | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gave | parataxis |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 drank | obj |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 gulp | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 gulp | det |
| 16 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 gulp | amod |
| 17 | gulp | gulp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 drank | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 asked | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 asked | cc |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 asked | nsubj |
| 21 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 asked | advmod |
| 22 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 drank | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 thirsty | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 thirsty | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 thirsty | nsubj |
| 26 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 thirsty | cop |
| 27 | still | still | ADV | _ | 28 thirsty | advmod |
| 28 | thirsty | thirsty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 asked | ccomp |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 give | punct |
| 30 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 thirsty | parataxis |
| 31 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 give | iobj |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 gallon | det |
| 33 | gallon | gallon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 give | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 give | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 thirsty | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 gave | cc |
| 37 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 gave | nsubj |
| 38 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 drank | conj |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 gave | iobj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 gallon | det |
| 41 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 42 gallon | amod |
| 42 | gallon | gallon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 gave | obj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 third | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 third | cc |
| 45 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 47 third | advmod |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 third | det |
| 47 | third | third | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | Iván | a whole gallon of water | throat | a third obj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | drink | past | Iván | gallon | a single gulp | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | Iván | still | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | Iván | still | thirsty property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | give in a quote | infinitive | a gallon | Iván | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient gallon=Theme | ||||
| 6 | give | past | Iván | a second gallon | throat | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient gallon=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/23/85/