Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 24, sentence 109
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, once there lived a soldier who had served long and faithfully and knew all about the Tsar’s service, the reviews, and always came up to parade looking clean and smart.
Who acts: soldier, Tsar · What happens: live, serve, know, come up, parade, look · To what, where: soldier, certain kingdom
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soldier, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 kingdom | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 kingdom | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 kingdom | amod |
| 4 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lived | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 state | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 state | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 state | det |
| 8 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 state | amod |
| 9 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 kingdom | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 kingdom | punct |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 12 there | advmod |
| 12 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 lived | advmod |
| 13 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 soldier | det |
| 15 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lived | obj |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 served | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 served | aux |
| 18 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 soldier | acl:relcl |
| 19 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 served | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 faithfully | cc |
| 21 | faithfully | faithfully | ADV | _ | 19 long | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 knew | cc |
| 23 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 lived | conj |
| 24 | all | all | ADV | _ | 23 knew | advmod |
| 25 | about | about | ADP | _ | 29 service | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Tsar | det |
| 27 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 service | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 Tsar | case |
| 29 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 knew | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 reviews | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 reviews | det |
| 32 | reviews | review | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 service | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 came | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 came | cc |
| 35 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 36 came | advmod |
| 36 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 lived | conj |
| 37 | up | up | ADV | _ | 36 came | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 parade | mark |
| 39 | parade | parade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 came | advcl |
| 40 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 parade | xcomp |
| 41 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 looking | xcomp |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 smart | cc |
| 43 | smart | smart | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 clean | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a soldier | a certain kingdom; there | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme soldier=Location | ||||
| 2 | serve | past · perfect | a soldier | long property | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | know | past | about the Tsar's service and the reviews; all property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about service=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | come up | past | always property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | parade | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | look | gerund | clean property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | service | the Tsar | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/24/109/