Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 58
And Angéy went up to his city, and he saw shepherds feeding oxen, and he asked them: “Ye lesser brothers, shepherds, where have ye seen my horse and my garments?”
Who acts: Angéy, shepherds, Ye · What happens: go up, see, feed, ask, brother · To what, where: shepherds, oxen, horse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Angéy, shepherds, Ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 went | cc |
| 2 | Angéy | Angéy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 went | compound:prt |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 city | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 city | nmod:poss |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 saw | cc |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 12 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 saw | obj |
| 13 | feeding | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 shepherds | acl |
| 14 | oxen | ox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 feeding | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 asked | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 asked | cc |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 asked | nsubj |
| 18 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 asked | obj |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 brothers | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 brothers | punct |
| 22 | Ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 brothers | nsubj |
| 23 | lesser | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 brothers | amod |
| 24 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 asked | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 shepherds | punct |
| 26 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 brothers | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 seen | punct |
| 28 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 31 seen | advmod |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 seen | aux |
| 30 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 31 seen | nsubj |
| 31 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 brothers | acl |
| 32 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 horse | nmod:poss |
| 33 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 seen | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 garments | cc |
| 35 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 garments | nmod:poss |
| 36 | garments | garment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 seen | conj |
| 37 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 24 brothers | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go up | past | Angéy | to Angéy's city | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | see | past | Angéy | shepherds | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shepherd=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | feed | gerund | shepherds not said here | oxen | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | Angéy | oxen = ox | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | brother in a quote | Ye | shepherds conj | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | see in a quote | present · perfect | ye | my horse | my garments conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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