Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 59
And the shepherds asked him: “Who art thou?”
Who acts: shepherds · What happens: ask · To what, where: horse
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 asked | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 shepherds | det |
| 3 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 asked | nsubj |
| 4 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 asked | iobj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 art | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 art | punct |
| 8 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 art | nsubj |
| 9 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 asked | parataxis |
| 10 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 9 art | obj |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 asked | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | the shepherds | horse | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/25/59/