Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 43
Time went by—not much, nor little; a heavy thundrous cloud gathered, and, with frightsome lightning and hail, played on the peasant’s field, cut through his crops like a scythe, and left not one blade to tell the tale.
Who acts: heavy thundrous cloud · What happens: go, gather, play, cut, not leave, tell · To what, where: little, frightsome lightning, field, one blade, tale · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy thundrous cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 went | obl:unmarked |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 much | case |
| 4 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 much | punct |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 much | advmod |
| 6 | much | much | ADV | _ | 2 went | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 little | punct |
| 8 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 9 little | cc |
| 9 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 went | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 gathered | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cloud | det |
| 12 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cloud | amod |
| 13 | thundrous | thundrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cloud | amod |
| 14 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gathered | nsubj |
| 15 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | parataxis |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 lightning | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 lightning | cc |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 lightning | punct |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 lightning | case |
| 20 | frightsome | frightsome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 lightning | amod |
| 21 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gathered | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 hail | cc |
| 23 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lightning | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 played | punct |
| 25 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 lightning | acl |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 field | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 peasant | det |
| 28 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 field | nmod:poss |
| 29 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 28 peasant | case |
| 30 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 played | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 cut | punct |
| 32 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 lightning | conj |
| 33 | through | through | ADP | _ | 35 crops | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 crops | nmod:poss |
| 35 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cut | obl |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 scythe | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 scythe | det |
| 38 | scythe | scythe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 crops | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 left | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 left | cc |
| 41 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 gathered | conj |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 left | advmod |
| 43 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 blade | nummod |
| 44 | blade | blade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 left | obj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 tell | mark |
| 46 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 left | advcl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 tale | det |
| 48 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 tell | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | little | time | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by much=Location | ||||
| 2 | gather | past | a heavy thundrous cloud | with frightsome lightning and hail | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with lightning=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | play | participle | frightsome lightning and hail not said here | the peasant's field | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | cut | participle | a heavy thundrous cloud not said here | through peasant's crops like a scythe | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through crop=Patient | ||||
| 5 | not leave | past | a heavy thundrous cloud not said here | one blade | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blade=Theme | ||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | a heavy thundrous cloud not said here | the tale | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/43/