Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 18
Once upon a time there lived a merchant who had a son, and when the son grew up he was taken into the shop.
Who acts: merchant, son · What happens: live, have, grow up, take · To what, where: merchant, son, shop
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 6 lived | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lived | obl |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 lived | advmod |
| 6 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 merchant | det |
| 8 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lived | obj |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 had | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 merchant | acl:relcl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 son | det |
| 12 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 had | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 taken | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 taken | cc |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 grew | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 son | det |
| 17 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 grew | nsubj |
| 18 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 taken | advcl |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 grew | compound:prt |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 taken | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 taken | aux:pass |
| 22 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 lived | conj |
| 23 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 shop | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 shop | det |
| 25 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 taken | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a merchant | there | time | once property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme merchant=Location | ||
| 2 | have | past | a merchant | a son | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 3 | grow up | past | the son | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take | past · passive | son | the shop | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into shop=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/18/