Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 35
As he came back from the shop, the merchant’s son went into the stable and saw that his foal was standing in tears, and so he stroked him and asked, “Why, my good horse, do you weep?
Who acts: stepson, son, foal, you · What happens: come back, go, see, stand, stroke, ask · To what, where: shop, stable, tears, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stepson, son, foal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 came | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 went | advcl |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 shop | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 shop | det |
| 7 | shop | shop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 merchant | det |
| 10 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 son | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 merchant | case |
| 12 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 went | nsubj |
| 13 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 stable | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 stable | det |
| 16 | stable | stable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 went | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 saw | cc |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 went | conj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 standing | mark |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 foal | nmod:poss |
| 21 | foal | foal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 standing | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 standing | aux |
| 23 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 saw | ccomp |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 tears | case |
| 25 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 standing | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 stroked | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 stroked | cc |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 stroked | advmod |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 stroked | nsubj |
| 30 | stroked | stroke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 went | parataxis |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 stroked | obj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 asked | cc |
| 33 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 stroked | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 weep | punct |
| 35 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 weep | punct |
| 36 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 do | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 horse | punct |
| 38 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 horse | nmod:poss |
| 39 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 horse | amod |
| 40 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 do | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 horse | punct |
| 42 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 weep | aux |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 weep | nsubj |
| 44 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 asked | ccomp |
| 45 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come back | past | stepson | the shop | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from shop=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the merchant's son | the stable | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into stable=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | see | past | the merchant's son not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | stand | past · progressive | stepson's foal | tears | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in tear=Location | ||||
| 5 | stroke | past | stepson | son | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | stepson not said here | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | weep in a quote | present · do-support | you | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/35/