Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 53
So he struck him by the bridle and said, “Why do you weep, my good horse?
Who acts: son, you · What happens: strike, say, weep · To what, where: horse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 struck | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 struck | nsubj |
| 3 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 struck | obj |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 bridle | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bridle | det |
| 7 | bridle | bridle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 struck | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 struck | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 weep | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 weep | punct |
| 12 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 weep | advmod |
| 13 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 weep | aux |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 weep | nsubj |
| 15 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 horse | punct |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 horse | nmod:poss |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 horse | amod |
| 19 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 weep | conj |
| 20 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | past | son | horse | by the bridle | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument | |||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | son not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | weep in a quote | present · do-support | you | my good horse conj | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/53/