Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 85
But you, good youth, go to the herd, buy a bull and cut its throat; dress yourself in the bull’s hide, put a bladder on your head, and wherever you go, whatever you are asked about, answer only this one word, ‘Idonotknow.’”
Who acts: you · What happens: go, buy, cut, dress, put, ask · To what, where: herd, bull, throat, yourself, hide, bladder
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 go | cc |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 go | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 youth | punct |
| 4 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 youth | amod |
| 5 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 go | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 youth | punct |
| 7 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 herd | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 herd | det |
| 10 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 go | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 buy | punct |
| 12 | buy | buy | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | conj |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 bull | det |
| 14 | bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 buy | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cut | cc |
| 16 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 buy | conj |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 throat | nmod:poss |
| 18 | throat | throat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cut | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 dress | punct |
| 20 | dress | dress | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | conj |
| 21 | yourself | yourself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 dress | obj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 hide | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 bull | det |
| 24 | bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hide | nmod:poss |
| 25 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 24 bull | case |
| 26 | hide | hide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 dress | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 put | punct |
| 28 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 20 dress | conj |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 bladder | det |
| 30 | bladder | bladder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 put | obj |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 head | case |
| 32 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 head | nmod:poss |
| 33 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 put | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 go | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 go | cc |
| 36 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 go | advmod |
| 37 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 38 go | nsubj |
| 38 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 whatever | punct |
| 40 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 go | conj |
| 41 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 43 asked | nsubj |
| 42 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 asked | aux:pass |
| 43 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 whatever | acl:relcl |
| 44 | about | about | ADV | _ | 43 asked | advmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 answer | punct |
| 46 | answer | answer | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | parataxis |
| 47 | only | only | ADV | _ | 50 word | advmod |
| 48 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 50 word | det |
| 49 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 50 word | nummod |
| 50 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 answer | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 Idonotknow | punct |
| 52 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 53 Idonotknow | punct |
| 53 | Idonotknow | Idonotknow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 word | appos |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 53 Idonotknow | punct |
| 55 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 53 Idonotknow | punct |
| 56 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 go | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | infinitive | you | the herd | good youth nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to herd=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | buy | infinitive | you not said here | a bull | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cut | past | you not said here | youth's throat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset throat=Product | ||||
| 4 | dress | infinitive | you not said here | yourself | the bull's hide | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient | |||
| 5 | put | infinitive | you not said here | a bladder | your head | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent bladder=Theme on head=Destination | |||
| 6 | go | present | you | whatever conj; wherever property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | ask speech: ask | present · passive | you | about property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 8 | answer speech: assert | infinitive | this one word | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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