Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 29, sentence 67
And the Tsar looked: “Over us,” he said, “is the sky, and under us the earth.”
Who acts: Tsar, master · What happens: look, say, be · To what, where: earth, sky · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 29. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 looked | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Tsar | det |
| 3 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 us | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 us | punct |
| 7 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 8 us | case |
| 8 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 looked | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
| 10 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 looked | parataxis |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sky | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 sky | punct |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 sky | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sky | det |
| 17 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 us | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 us | cc |
| 20 | under | under | ADP | _ | 21 us | case |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 looked | parataxis |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 earth | det |
| 23 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the Tsar | the earth | over us | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | master | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | the sky | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/29/67/