Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 111
I learned my letters with you in the same school, and now you are setting your horse on me, who am only a beggar, as though I were an enemy, and you do not know that a very great misfortune has befallen the city of Kíev.
Who acts: I, you, my · What happens: learn, set, be, not know, befall, letter · To what, where: letters, same school, horse, beggar, enemy, great misfortune · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 learned | nsubj |
| 2 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 letters | nmod:poss |
| 4 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 learned | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 you | case |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 learned | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 school | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 school | det |
| 9 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 school | amod |
| 10 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 learned | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 setting | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 setting | cc |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 setting | advmod |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 setting | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 setting | aux |
| 16 | setting | set | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 learned | advcl |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 horse | nmod:poss |
| 18 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 setting | obj |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 me | case |
| 20 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 setting | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 beggar | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 beggar | nsubj |
| 23 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 beggar | cop |
| 24 | only | only | ADV | _ | 26 beggar | advmod |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 beggar | det |
| 26 | beggar | beggar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 setting | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 enemy | punct |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 33 enemy | mark |
| 29 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 33 enemy | mark |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 enemy | nsubj |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 enemy | cop |
| 32 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 enemy | det |
| 33 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 setting | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 know | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 know | cc |
| 36 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 39 know | nsubj |
| 37 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 know | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 know | advmod |
| 39 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 learned | conj |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 befallen | mark |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 misfortune | det |
| 42 | very | very | ADV | _ | 43 great | advmod |
| 43 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 misfortune | amod |
| 44 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 befallen | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 befallen | aux |
| 46 | befallen | befall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 know | ccomp |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 city | det |
| 48 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 befallen | obj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 Kíev | case |
| 50 | Kíev | Kíev | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 city | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 learned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past | I | my letters | the same school | with you | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic | ||
| 2 | set | present · progressive | you | your horse | now | on me | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme on i=Destination | ||
| 3 | is a | present | a beggar | who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | I | a enemy | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not know | present · do-support | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | befall | present · perfect · passive | a great misfortune | the city of Kíev obj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | letter | my | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/111/