Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 23
Well, there was no help for it, and the Bull had to let Piggy in.
Who acts: help, Bull · What happens: be, have, let in · To what, where: Piggy
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (help, Bull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Well | well | INTJ | _ | 4 was | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Well | punct |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 was | expl |
| 4 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 had | advcl |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 help | det |
| 6 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 was | nsubj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 it | case |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 help | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 had | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Bull | det |
| 12 | Bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 let | mark |
| 15 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 had | xcomp |
| 16 | Piggy | piggy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 let | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 let | compound:prt |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | no help for snout | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have | past | the Bull | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | let in | to-infinitive | the Bull not said here | Piggy | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piggy=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/23/