Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 78
The Nightingale Robber heard his end approaching, and felt a foreboding of a terrible ill; and before Ilyá Múromets had advanced twenty versts, he whistled with his powerful robber’s whistle.
Who acts: Nightingale Robber, end, ROBBER, powerful robber · What happens: hear, approach, feel, advance, whistle · To what, where: end, foreboding, twenty versts
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nightingale Robber, end, ROBBER, powerful robber), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Robber | det |
| 2 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Robber | compound |
| 3 | Robber | Robber | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 end | nmod:poss |
| 6 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | approaching | approach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 end | acl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 felt | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 felt | cc |
| 10 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 foreboding | det |
| 12 | foreboding | foreboding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 felt | obj |
| 13 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 16 ill | mark |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 ill | det |
| 15 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 ill | amod |
| 16 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 foreboding | acl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 advanced | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 advanced | cc |
| 19 | before | before | ADP | _ | 21 Múromets | case |
| 20 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Múromets | compound |
| 21 | Múromets | múromet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 advanced | obl |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 advanced | aux |
| 23 | advanced | advance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | conj |
| 24 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 versts | nummod |
| 25 | versts | verst | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 advanced | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 whistled | punct |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 whistled | nsubj |
| 28 | whistled | whistle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 whistle | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 robber | nmod:poss |
| 31 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 robber | amod |
| 32 | robber | robber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 whistle | nmod:poss |
| 33 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 32 robber | case |
| 34 | whistle | whistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 whistled | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the Nightingale Robber | ROBBER's end | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | approach | gerund | ROBBER's end not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | feel | past | the Nightingale Robber not said here | a foreboding | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foreboding=Theme | ||||
| 4 | advance | past · perfect | the Nightingale Robber not said here | twenty versts | before Ilyá Múromets | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer verst=Patient | |||
| 5 | whistle | past | ROBBER | with ROBBER's powerful robber's whistle | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with whistle=Theme | ||||
| 6 | whistle | ROBBER's powerful robber | nom whistle «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/78/