Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 85
The youngest daughter saw him, and cried out to her sisters: “Here is our father coming back with booty: he is bringing us a man tied to his steel stirrup.”
Who acts: youngest daughter, father, Nightingale · What happens: see, cry out, come back, bring, tie · To what, where: Nightingale, sisters, man, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youngest daughter, father, Nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 daughter | det |
| 2 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 daughter | amod |
| 3 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cried | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 cried | cc |
| 8 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 cried | compound:prt |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 sisters | case |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 cried | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 coming | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Here | punct |
| 15 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 coming | advmod |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 coming | aux |
| 17 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 father | nmod:poss |
| 18 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 coming | nsubj |
| 19 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 cried | advcl |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 19 coming | advmod |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 booty | case |
| 22 | booty | booty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 coming | obl |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 bringing | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 bringing | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 bringing | aux |
| 26 | bringing | bring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 coming | conj |
| 27 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 bringing | obj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 man | det |
| 29 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 bringing | obj |
| 30 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 man | acl |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 stirrup | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 stirrup | nmod:poss |
| 33 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 stirrup | compound |
| 34 | stirrup | stirrup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tied | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
| 36 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the youngest daughter | Nightingale | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cry out speech: express | past | the youngest daughter not said here | Kíev's sisters | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | come back in a quote | present · progressive | our father | here | with booty | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | bring in a quote | present · progressive | Nightingale | a man | us | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent we=Destination man=Theme | |||
| 5 | tie in a quote | participle | a man not said here | to Nightingale's steel stirrup | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to stirrup=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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