Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 92
The eldest daughter raised an iron storm-board of chains for him to stumble against; but Ilyá saw her on the gates, struck at her with his lance, and he smote her to death.
Who acts: eldest daughter, Ilyá · What happens: raise, stumble, see, strike, smite · To what, where: iron storm board, Mikháylo, gates
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eldest daughter, Ilyá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 daughter | det |
| 2 | eldest | eld | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 daughter | amod |
| 3 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 raised | nsubj |
| 4 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 board | det |
| 6 | iron | iron | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 board | amod |
| 7 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 board | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 storm | punct |
| 9 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 raised | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 chains | case |
| 11 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 board | nmod |
| 12 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 stumble | mark |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 stumble | nsubj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 stumble | mark |
| 15 | stumble | stumble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 raised | advcl |
| 16 | against | against | ADP | _ | 15 stumble | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 saw | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 saw | cc |
| 19 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 raised | parataxis |
| 21 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 gates | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 gates | det |
| 24 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 saw | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 struck | punct |
| 26 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 gates | acl |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 her | case |
| 28 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 struck | obl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 lance | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 lance | nmod:poss |
| 31 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 struck | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 smote | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 smote | cc |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 smote | nsubj |
| 35 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 saw | conj |
| 36 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 smote | obj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 death | case |
| 38 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 smote | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | past | the eldest daughter | a iron storm board of chains | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Theme | ||||
| 2 | stumble | to-infinitive | Ilyá | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | past | Ilyá | Mikháylo | the gates | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | strike | participle | the gates not said here | at Mikháylo; with Ilyá's lance | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent at she=Patient with lance=Instrument | ||||
| 5 | smite | past | Ilyá | Mikháylo | to death result | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent she=Patient to death=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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