Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 75
But wherever he ventured forth there were lofty walls, with neither an entrance nor an exit.
Who acts: Cossack · What happens: venture, be · To what, where: lofty walls
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 ventured | cc |
| 2 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 ventured | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 ventured | nsubj |
| 4 | ventured | venture | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 4 ventured | advmod |
| 6 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 7 were | expl |
| 7 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 ventured | conj |
| 8 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 walls | amod |
| 9 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ventured | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 entrance | punct |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 entrance | case |
| 12 | neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 entrance | det |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 entrance | det |
| 14 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ventured | parataxis |
| 15 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 17 exit | cc |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 exit | det |
| 17 | exit | exit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 entrance | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ventured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | venture | past | Cossack | lofty walls | neither entrance nor a exit parataxis; forth, wherever property | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent wall=Topic | |||
| 2 | be | past | Cossack not said here | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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